Maharani shree nandakurba mahila arts & commerce college  

Name :-   Dabhi Anita Himmatbhai 

S.Y. B.A. sem :-3  

Subject :-English (AEC  Assignment) 

Professor name:- Shivani ma'am

       Class Assignment📌

🌿 What is Active and Passive Voice?

Active Voice

👉 In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action.

• Structure: Subject + Verb + Object
• Example: The teacher (subject) explains (verb) the lesson (object).

Passive Voice

👉 In passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action.

• Structure: Object + Verb (be + past participle) + by + Subject
• Example: The lesson (object) is explained (verb) by the teacher (subject).

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 Rules for Changing Active to Passive Voice

1. Identify the object in the active sentence → make it the subject in passive.
2. Use the correct form of “be” (is, am, are, was, were, has been, etc.) according to tense.
3. Change the verb into past participle.
4. Add “by” + agent (doer) only if necessary.

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📖 Examples in Different Tenses

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Simple	She writes a letter.	A letter is written by her.
Past Simple	He cleaned the room.	The room was cleaned by him.
Future Simple	They will finish the work.	The work will be finished by them.
Present Continuous	She is reading a book.	A book is being read by her.
Past Continuous	He was repairing the car.	The car was being repaired by him.
Present Perfect	They have completed the task.	The task has been completed by them.
Past Perfect	She had prepared dinner.	Dinner had been prepared by her.
Future Perfect	He will have finished the project.	The project will have been finished by him.

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✅ When to Use Passive Voice?

• When the doer is unknown or unimportant.
  Example: The window was broken. (We don’t know who broke it)
• To emphasize the action or object rather than the subject.
  Example: The Taj Mahal is visited by millions of people every year.
• In formal or scientific writing.
  Example: The experiment was conducted successfully.

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🌿 Definition

The Simple Future Tense is used to express an action that will happen in the future.

 Formula:
Subject + will/shall + base form of verb + object

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✨ Examples

• I will go to school tomorrow.
• She will help her friend.
• They will play football in the evening. Usage of Simple Future Tense

1. To express future actions or events

   • He will visit Delhi next week.

2. To express willingness / decision made at the moment of speaking

   • I will call you later.

3. To make predictions

   • It will rain tomorrow.

4. To make promises / offers / threats

   • I will help you with your homework.
   • She will never forgive you.

5. To express certainty

   • The sun will rise in the east.

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Active and Passive Voice in Simple Future

• Active: She will complete the work.
• Passive: The work will be completed by her.

 Rule: will/shall + be + past participle

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Extra Examples

• I will write a letter.
• They will start the project soon.
• We will attend the meeting tomorrow.
• You will succeed in your exam. 

        ✨Home Assignment 

Comprehension?

Reading comprehension means the ability to understand, interpret, and analyze what you read. It is not just reading words, but also grasping the meaning, theme, ideas, and hidden messages in the text.

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✨ Key Skills in Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the main idea – What is the text mostly about?
2. Finding details – Facts, examples, or reasons given in the passage.
3. Vocabulary in context – Understanding the meaning of difficult words through surrounding sentences.
4. Inference – Reading between the lines to find hidden meanings.
5. Summarizing – Expressing the passage briefly in your own words.
6. Critical thinking – Forming opinions, judgments, or conclusions about the text.

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📌 Types of Questions in Reading Comprehension

1. Direct Questions → Based on facts.
   • Example: Where does the story take place?
2. Inference Questions → Hidden meaning.
   • Example: Why did the character act that way?
3. Vocabulary Questions → Word meaning.
   • Example: What does the word "glorious" mean in the passage?
4. True/False Questions → Checking facts.
5. Summary Questions → Write the main idea in short.

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📖 Example Passage with Questions

Passage:
Once, a thirsty crow found a pitcher with very little water at the bottom. The crow could not reach it. After thinking for a while, the crow picked up small stones and dropped them into the pitcher one by one. Slowly, the water rose, and the crow drank it happily.

Questions:

1. Why was the crow thirsty?
2. What problem did the crow face?
3. How did the crow solve the problem?
4. What lesson can we learn from this story?
5. Find a word from the passage that means "tiny pieces of rock."

Answers:

1. Because it wanted water.
2. There was very little water at the bottom of the pitcher.
3. It put stones into the pitcher until the water rose.
4. Where there is a will, there is a way / Think wisely to solve problems.

      

           Essay🎐

:- the important of grammar in communication. 

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📌 Introduction

Grammar is the foundation of any language. It is the set of rules that govern how words are arranged to form meaningful sentences. In communication, grammar plays a vital role because it ensures clarity, precision, and effectiveness in expressing thoughts. Without proper grammar, messages may become confusing, misleading, or even meaningless.

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📌 Importance of Grammar in Communication

1. Clarity of Expression

   • Grammar helps in conveying the exact meaning of a message.
   • For example:
     • “Let’s eat, Grandma.” (Correct grammar – means we are inviting Grandma to eat.)
     • “Let’s eat Grandma.” (Incorrect grammar – completely changes the meaning.)

2. Accuracy and Precision

   • Proper grammar eliminates ambiguity and ensures that the listener/reader understands the intended message.

3. Professionalism and Credibility

   • Good grammar creates a positive impression in formal communication such as business letters, emails, and academic writing.
   • Poor grammar can reduce credibility and professionalism.

4. Smooth Communication

   • Grammar provides structure, making communication smoother and easier to follow.
   • It helps in forming logical and well-organized sentences.

5. Understanding and Interpretation

   • When grammar rules are followed, both speaker and listener can easily understand and interpret messages.

6. Building Relationships

   • Clear and effective communication strengthens personal, social, and professional relationships.
   • Miscommunication due to grammatical errors can cause misunderstandings and conflicts.

7. Learning and Teaching Language

   • Grammar acts as a tool for learning new languages.
   • Without grammar, acquiring vocabulary alone is not enough for meaningful communication.

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📌 Conclusion

Grammar is not just about rules but about effective communication. It ensures clarity, professionalism, and mutual understanding. Whether in writing or speaking, grammar is essential for expressing thoughts accurately and building strong connectionswith others.

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